| ABC | 
			Appropriate Byte Counting | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| ABR | 
			Available Bit Rate | 
			ATM service | 
		
		
			| AC | 
			Alternating Current | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ACK | 
			Acknowledgement | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ADU | 
			Application Data Unit | 
			ALF | 
		
		
			| AIAD | 
			Additive Increase Additive Decrease | 
			  | 
		
		
			| AIMD | 
			Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease | 
			TCP friendliness | 
		
		
			| ALF | 
			Application Level Framing | 
			increasing efficiency | 
		
		
			| ALG | 
			Application Level Gateway | 
			NAT | 
		
		
			| AMPS | 
			Advanced Mobile Phone System | 
			MUX, 1st-gen telephone sys | 
		
		
			| ANSI | 
			American National Standards Institute | 
			  | 
		
		
			| AODV | 
			Ad-hoc On-demand Distant Vector Routing | 
			MANET | 
		
		
			| AQM | 
			Active Queue Management | 
			TCP Congestion Control | 
		
		
			| ARP | 
			Address Resolution Protocol | 
			Ethernet (MAC resolving) | 
		
		
			| ARQ | 
			Automatic Repeat Request | 
			transmission error control L.2 | 
		
		
			| AS | 
			Autonomos System | 
			EGP | 
		
		
			| ASL | 
			Analog Subscriber Line | 
		
		
			| ASN.1 | 
			Abstract Syntax Notation One | 
			OSI (host-independent format) | 
		
		
			| ATM | 
			Asynchronous Transfer Mode | 
			  | 
		
		
			| BDP | 
			Bandwidth * Delay Product | 
			  | 
		
		
			| BECN | 
			Backward ECN | 
			  | 
		
		
			| BER | 
			Basic Encoding Rules | 
			ASN.1 (defines rules) | 
		
		
			| BGP | 
			Border Gateway Protocol | 
			EGP, distance vector | 
		
		
			| BIC | 
			Binary Increase Congestion Control | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CA | 
			Collision Avoidance | 
			CSMA | 
		
		
			| CA | 
			Congestion Avoidance | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| CAN | 
			Controller Area Network | 
			Network type | 
		
		
			| CBR | 
			Constant Bit Rate | 
			ATM service | 
		
		
			| CD | 
			Collision Detection | 
			CSMA | 
		
		
			| CDMA | 
			Code Division Multiple Access | 
			multiplexing | 
		
		
			| CEPT | 
			ITU-Europe | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CIDR | 
			Classless InterDomain Routing | 
			subneting, routing | 
		
		
			| CL(NS) | 
			Connection-Less (Network System) | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CO(NS) | 
			Connection-Orientated (Network System) | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CRC | 
			Cyclic Redundancy Check | 
			checksum | 
		
		
			| CSMA | 
			Carrier Sence Multiple Access | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CTCP | 
			Compound TCP | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CTCP | 
			Coded TCP | 
			  | 
		
		
			| CTS | 
			Clear To Send | 
			CSMA/CA (hidden terminal) | 
		
		
			| CW | 
			Contention Window | 
			CSMA/CA (wireless) | 
		
		
			| cwnd | 
			Congestion Window | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| CWV | 
			Congestion Window Validation | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| D-AMPS | 
			Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System | 
			US GSM | 
		
		
			| DC | 
			Direct Current | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DCCP | 
			Datagram Congestion Control Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DCTCP | 
			Datacenter TCP | 
		
		
			| (D)DoS | 
			(Distributed) Denial of Service | 
		
		
			| DHCP | 
			Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DIF | 
			Distributed IPC Facility | 
			RINA | 
		
		
			| DNS | 
			Domain Name System | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DoD | 
			Department of Defense | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DQDB | 
			Dual Queue Dual Bus | 
			MAN | 
		
		
			| DSACK | 
			Duplicate SACK | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| DSL | 
			Digital Subscriber Line | 
			  | 
		
		
			| DupACK | 
			Duplicate ACK | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| DWDM | 
			Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing | 
			multiplexing (fibre) | 
		
		
			| ECMP | 
			Equal-Cost Multi-Path | 
			Traffic Engineering | 
		
		
			| ECN | 
			Explicit Congestion Notification | 
			  | 
		
		
			| EDGE | 
			Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution | 
			2.5-gen telephone system | 
		
		
			| EFCP | 
			Error and Flow Control Protocol | 
			RINA | 
		
		
			| EGP | 
			Exterior Gateway Protocol | 
			inter-domain routing protocols | 
		
		
			| ER | 
			Explicit Rate | 
			ATM ABR ERF | 
		
		
			| ERF | 
			Explicit Rate Feedback | 
			ATM ABR | 
		
		
			| EWMA | 
			Exponentially Weighted Moving Average | 
			RED, AQM | 
		
		
			| E2E | 
			End-to-End | 
			  | 
		
		
			| FACK | 
			Forward ACK | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| FDDI | 
			Fiber Distributed Data Interface | 
			  | 
		
		
			| FDMA | 
			Frequency Division Multiple Access | 
			multiplexing | 
		
		
			| FEC | 
			Forward Error Correction | 
			  | 
		
		
			| FEC | 
			Forwarding Equivalence Class | 
			MPLS | 
		
		
			| FR/FR | 
			Fast Retransmit / Fast Recovery | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| FSM | 
			Finite State Machine | 
			invariants | 
		
		
			| FTP | 
			File Transfer Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| F-RTO | 
			Forward RTO-Recovery | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| GAIMD | 
			General Additive Increase – Multiplicative Decrease | 
			TCP friendliness | 
		
		
			| GCC | 
			Google Congestion Control | 
			RMCAT | 
		
		
			| GEO | 
			Geostationary | 
			satellites | 
		
		
			| GPRS | 
			General Packet Radio Service | 
			2.5-gen telephone system | 
		
		
			| GPS | 
			Global Positioning System | 
			  | 
		
		
			| GSM | 
			Global System for Mobile Communications | 
			MUX, 2nd-gen telephone sys | 
		
		
			| HTTP | 
			Hyper Text Transfer Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| HTTPS | 
			Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IAB | 
			Internet Activities Board | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ICANN | 
			Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ICMP | 
			Internet Control Message Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IEEE | 
			Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IESG | 
			Internet Engineering Steering Group | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IETF | 
			Internet Engineering Task Force | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IFS | 
			InterFrame Spacing | 
			CSMA/CA (Wireless) | 
		
		
			| IGMP | 
			Internet Group Management Protocol | 
			IP Multicast | 
		
		
			| IGP | 
			Interior Gateway Protocol | 
			intra-domain routing protocols | 
		
		
			| IGRP | 
			Interior Gateway Routing Protocol | 
			IGP, distance vector | 
		
		
			| IMT-2000 | 
			International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 | 
			ITU standard for UMTS | 
		
		
			| IP | 
			Internet Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IPC | 
			Inter Process Communication | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IPN | 
			InterPlaNet | 
			network type | 
		
		
			| IPNG | 
			Internet Protocol New Generation (IPv6) | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IPv6 | 
			Internet Protocol version 6 | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IRTF | 
			Internet Research Task Force | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IS-IS | 
			Intra-domain Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			|   | 
			OSI, IGP, link state | 
		
		
			| ISDN | 
			Integrated Service Digital Network | 
		
		
			| ISO | 
			International Standards Organization | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ISOC | 
			Internet Society | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ISP | 
			Internet Service Provider | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ITU | 
			International Telecommunication Union | 
			  | 
		
		
			| IW | 
			Initial Window | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| LAG | 
			Link Aggregation Group | 
			Traffic engineering | 
		
		
			| LAN | 
			Local Area Network | 
			network type | 
		
		
			| LBT | 
			Listen Before Talk | 
			CSMA | 
		
		
			| LDP | 
			Label Distribution Protocol | 
			MPLS | 
		
		
			| LED | 
			Light Emitting Diode | 
			fiber | 
		
		
			| LEDBAT | 
			Low Extra Delay Background Transport | 
			congestion control | 
		
		
			| LEO | 
			Low Earth Orbit | 
			satellites | 
		
		
			| LSP | 
			Label Switched Path | 
			MPLS | 
		
		
			| LSR | 
			Label Switching Routers | 
			MPLS | 
		
		
			| LWT | 
			Listen While Talking | 
			CD | 
		
		
			| MA | 
			Multiple Access | 
			  | 
		
		
			| MAC | 
			Medium Access Control | 
			Link layer | 
		
		
			| MAN | 
			Metropolitan Area Network | 
			network type | 
		
		
			| MANET | 
			Mobile Ad Hoc Networks | 
			  | 
		
		
			| MEO | 
			Medium Earth Orbit | 
			satellites | 
		
		
			| MIB | 
			Management Information Base | 
			  | 
		
		
			| MIMD | 
			Multiplicative Increase Multiplicative Decrease | 
			  | 
		
		
			| MPLS | 
			Multi Protocol Label Switching | 
			traffic engineering | 
		
		
			| MPTCP | 
			Multipath TCP | 
			  | 
		
		
			| MPλS | 
			Multi Protocol Lambda Switching | 
			WDM, MPLS (L = λ) | 
		
		
			| MSC | 
			Message Sequence Chart | 
			Invariants | 
		
		
			| MTU | 
			Maximum Transfer Unit | 
			IP | 
		
		
			| MUX | 
			Multiplexing | 
		
		
			| NAK | 
			Negative Acknowledgement | 
			  | 
		
		
			| NAPT | 
			Network Address / Port Translator | 
			  | 
		
		
			| NAT | 
			Network Address Translator | 
			  | 
		
		
			| NSAP | 
			Network Service Access Point | 
			OSI | 
		
		
			| NRT-VBR | 
			Non Real Time Variable Bit Rate | 
			ATM service | 
		
		
			| NRZ(I) | 
			Non Return to Zero (Inverted) | 
			baseband encoding | 
		
		
			| OSI | 
			Open System Interconnection | 
			Invariants | 
		
		
			| OSPF | 
			Open Shortest Path First | 
			IGP, link state | 
		
		
			| OWD | 
			One-Way Delay | 
			  | 
		
		
			| P2P | 
			Peer to Peer | 
			  | 
		
		
			| PCF | 
			Point Coordination Function | 
			CSMA/CA | 
		
		
			| PCI | 
			Protocol Control Information | 
			OSI | 
		
		
			| PCM | 
			Pulse Code Modulation | 
			transmission (A->D coding) | 
		
		
			| PDU | 
			Protocol Data Unit | 
			OSI | 
		
		
			| PEP | 
			Performance Enhancing Proxy | 
			  | 
		
		
			| ping | 
			Packet InterNet Groper | 
			  | 
		
		
			| PMTU | 
			Path Maximum Transfer Unit | 
			MTU | 
		
		
			| PMTUD | 
			Path Maximum Transfer Unit Discovery | 
			PMTU | 
		
		
			| PPP | 
			Point to Point Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| PRR | 
			Proportional Rate Reduction | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| PSH | 
			Push | 
			TCP header bit | 
		
		
			| QoS | 
			Quality of Service | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RACK | 
			Recent ACK | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| RCC | 
			Routing Control Center | 
			centralized routing (obsolete) | 
		
		
			| RED | 
			Random Early Detection (“Discard”, “Drop”) | 
			AQM | 
		
		
			| RFC | 
			Request For Comments | 
			IETF | 
		
		
			| RINA | 
			Recursive InterNetwork Architecture | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RIP | 
			Routing Information Protocol | 
			IGP, distance vector | 
		
		
			| RM | 
			Resource Management | 
			ATM ABR ERF | 
		
		
			| RMCAT | 
			RTP Media Congestion Avoidance Techniques | 
			IETF WG | 
		
		
			| RTCP | 
			Real Time Control Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RTO | 
			Retransmission Time-Out | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| RTOR | 
			RTO Restart | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| RTP | 
			Real Time Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RTS | 
			Request To Send | 
			CSMA/CA (hidden terminal) | 
		
		
			| RTSP | 
			Real Time Streaming Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RTT | 
			Round Trip Time | 
			  | 
		
		
			| RT-VBR | 
			Real Time Variable Bit Rate | 
			ATM service | 
		
		
			| rwnd | 
			Receiver Window | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| RZ | 
			Return to Zero | 
			baseband encoding | 
		
		
			| SACK | 
			Selective ACK | 
			TCP congestion control | 
		
		
			| SCION | 
			Scalability, Control, and Isolation on Next-Generation Networks | 
			Network architecture | 
		
		
			| SCTP | 
			Stream Control Transmission Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| SDMA | 
			Space Division Multiple Access | 
			multiplexing | 
		
		
			| SDU | 
			Service Data Unit | 
			OSI | 
		
		
			| SIP | 
			Serial Line Interface Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| SMSS | 
			Sender Maximum Segment Size | 
			TCP Congestion Control | 
		
		
			| SNMP | 
			Simple Network Management Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| SNR | 
			Signal to Noise Ratio | 
			data transmission | 
		
		
			| SRTT | 
			Smoothed Round Trip Time | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| SS | 
			Slow Start | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| ssthresh | 
			Slow Start Threshold | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| STP | 
			Shielded Twisted Pair | 
			cable (Layer 1) | 
		
		
			| SQ | 
			Source Quench | 
			ICMP | 
		
		
			| TAPS | 
			Transport Services | 
			IETF WG | 
		
		
			| TCB | 
			TCP Control Block | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| TCP | 
			Transmission Control Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| TDMA | 
			Time Division Multiple Access | 
			multiplexing (ATM) | 
		
		
			| TE | 
			Traffic Engineering | 
			  | 
		
		
			| TEAR | 
			TCP Emulation At Receiver | 
			TCP friendliness | 
		
		
			| TFO | 
			TCP Fast Open | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| TFRC | 
			TCP friendly Rate Control Protocol | 
			TCP friendliness | 
		
		
			| TFO | 
			TCP Fast Open | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| TLP | 
			Tail Loss Probe | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| TSAP | 
			Transport Service Access Point | 
			OSI | 
		
		
			| TTL | 
			Time To Live | 
			IP | 
		
		
			| T/TCP | 
			Transactional TCP | 
			  | 
		
		
			| UBR | 
			Unspecified Bit Rate | 
			ATM service | 
		
		
			| UDP | 
			User Datagram Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| UMTS | 
			Universal Mobile Telecommunications System | 
			3rd-gen telephone system | 
		
		
			| URG | 
			Urgent | 
			TCP header bit | 
		
		
			| URL | 
			Uniform Resource Locator | 
			  | 
		
		
			| UTP | 
			Unshielded Twisted Pair | 
			cable (Layer 1) | 
		
		
			| UTO | 
			User Time-Out | 
			TCP | 
		
		
			| VC | 
			Virtual Channel | 
			ATM | 
		
		
			| VoIP | 
			Voice over IP | 
			  | 
		
		
			| VP | 
			Virtual Path | 
			ATM | 
		
		
			| VPN | 
			Virtual Private Networks | 
			  | 
		
		
			| WAN | 
			Wide Area Network | 
			network type | 
		
		
			| WCDMA | 
			Wideband Code Division Multiple Access | 
			Multiplexing (Ericsson system) | 
		
		
			| WDMA | 
			Wavelength Division Multiple Access | 
			Multiplexing (FDMA at optical) | 
		
		
			| WebRTC | 
			Web Real-Time Communication | 
			  | 
		
		
			| WG | 
			Working Group | 
			IETF | 
		
		
			| WLAN | 
			Wireless Local Area Network | 
			network type | 
		
		
			| XCP | 
			eXpress Control Protocol | 
			  | 
		
		
			| XTP | 
			eXpress Transfer Protocol | 
			  |